My wife had her battery replaced two years ago at the BMW dealer here in Sherbrooke, QC. It was dead this spring despite using the appropriate smart charger. When I pulled it out I saw that the battery had been manufactured in 2016. Since it was a sealed battery it would have needed to be kept charged by the dealer, not just stuck on the parts shelf. When I discussed this with a local auto electric guy he said he's seen many of the bigger retailers by batteries in bulk to save money, but not keep them maintained. That's likely why ours failed.